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Mendeleev and the Periodic Table
Avogadros hypothesis: particles
Thomson's experiment and the discovery of the electron
Millikan's experiment and the quantization of charge
Rutherfords atomic model
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Fraunhofer, Kirchhoff and the old spectroscopy
Balmer's discovery
Rydberg series and the Rydberg constant
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Bohr's assumptions
Extension of the Bohr-model
Explanation of characteristic X-rays in the Bohr-model
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Basic steps in solving the wave equation
Separation of the time coordinate
Transformation to the centre-of-mass; reduced mass
Sperical coordinates
Separtion of variables; three quantum numbers
Energy levels and spectrum
Wave functions
Expectation values
Parity
Probability distributions:electron clouds
Intensity: expectation value of dipole operator
Selection rules
Some advanced topics on the spectrum of the hydrogen atom
Relativistic effects
Quantum electrodynamics effects and the Lamb shift
Hyperfine structure
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Relativistic effects
Quantum electrodynamics effects and the Lamb shift
Hyperfine structure
5. Optical transitions in a two-level system
The rate equation model
Expressions for the Einstein coefficients
Some physical consequences of this model
Lifetimes of excited states
No optically pumped two-level laser
The problem of spontaneous emission
6. Magnetic effects in atoms and the electron spin
The Zeeman effect
Magnetic effects and quantum mechanics
Theory of the normal Zeeman effect
Necessity for introducing another quantum number
Addition of angular momenta L and S
Spin-orbit interaction
Spin-orbit interaction and the relativistic correction
Zeeman effect for coupled angular momenta
Paschen-Back limit
Lande factor
Hyperfine effects of magnetic coupling
7. Many electron atoms
Introduction
Binding in helium; a simplifed picture
The central field approximation
Slaters rules
The self-consistent field method
The aufbau principle and the Periodic system
The problem of indistinguishable electrons
Pauli exclusion priciple
Ortho- and parahelium
The alkali atoms
Various strengths of the electrostatic and spin-orbit interactions
LS-Coupling
Spin-orbit coupling
JJ-coupling
Hund's rules
8. Energy levels in molecules; the quantum structure
The Born-Oppenheimer approximation
Potential energy curves
Rotational motion in a diatomic molecule
The rigid rotor
The eleastic rotor
Vibrational motion in a non-rotating diatomic molecule
Anharmonicity on the vibrational motion
Energy levels in a diatomic molecule: electronic, vibrational and rotational
Last change: 8 February 2001
Expressions for the Einstein coefficients
Some physical consequences of this model
Lifetimes of excited states
No optically pumped two-level laser
The problem of spontaneous emission
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The Zeeman effect
Magnetic effects and quantum mechanics
Theory of the normal Zeeman effect
Necessity for introducing another quantum number
Addition of angular momenta L and S
Spin-orbit interaction
Spin-orbit interaction and the relativistic correction
Zeeman effect for coupled angular momenta
Paschen-Back limit
Lande factor
Hyperfine effects of magnetic coupling
7. Many electron atoms
Introduction
Binding in helium; a simplifed picture
The central field approximation
Slaters rules
The self-consistent field method
The aufbau principle and the Periodic system
The problem of indistinguishable electrons
Pauli exclusion priciple
Ortho- and parahelium
The alkali atoms
Various strengths of the electrostatic and spin-orbit interactions
LS-Coupling
Spin-orbit coupling
JJ-coupling
Hund's rules
8. Energy levels in molecules; the quantum structure
The Born-Oppenheimer approximation
Potential energy curves
Rotational motion in a diatomic molecule
The rigid rotor
The eleastic rotor
Vibrational motion in a non-rotating diatomic molecule
Anharmonicity on the vibrational motion
Energy levels in a diatomic molecule: electronic, vibrational and rotational
Last change: 8 February 2001
Binding in helium; a simplifed picture
Slaters rules
The self-consistent field method
The problem of indistinguishable electrons
Pauli exclusion priciple
Ortho- and parahelium
Various strengths of the electrostatic and spin-orbit interactions
LS-Coupling
Spin-orbit coupling
JJ-coupling
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The Born-Oppenheimer approximation
Potential energy curves
Rotational motion in a diatomic molecule
The rigid rotor
The eleastic rotor
Vibrational motion in a non-rotating diatomic molecule
Anharmonicity on the vibrational motion
Energy levels in a diatomic molecule: electronic, vibrational and rotational
Anharmonicity on the vibrational motion
Last change: 8 February 2001