Explanation

We put in 4 standard radiative forcings (volcanic, block, single and predicting), described below and the possibility of editing your own forcing (editing).

 

Volcanic forcing

Explosive volcanic eruptions lead to the formation of stratospheric dust layers consisting of small aerosols. These dust layers remain in the stratosphere for 1 or 2 year, reflect sunlight and produce a negative radiative forcing which cools the earth surface. Van Ulden and van Dorland reconstructed the radiative forcing due to major volcanic eruptions from various observations and historic data. Van Ulden and van Dorland used volcanic eruptions where SO2 was liberated, reducing the radiative forcing in the atmosphere. In the period from 1850 to 1999, one may recognize the eruption of the Krakatao in 1883   and of Pinatubo in 1991 . The negative forcing was calculated using historic data, and shown in the top graph. The resulting negative temperature pulses are shown in the bottom graph. One observes that the pulses propagate slowly to the lower layers and smoothen out as well.

 

Block pulse

A simple pulse in order to observe the behaviour of the water temperatures

 

Single pulse

A single Gaussian pulse

 

Predicting

When the radiative forcing increases like an exponential one may observe the subsequent temperatures

 

Editing forcing

The most simple forcing is the constant straight line (type in A=0 and B=1). This forcing should eventually lead to a temperature increase of 0.6 K. On the given time scale of 100 years this does not happen. One may however type in an own time scale as e.g. 10 000 years. Then it indeed converges. One also observes that at first the top and bottom layer heat up (because of the downwelling connecting both), while eventually all layers heat up in the order from top to bottom.